| Data sovereignty | Self-hosting with the full feature set, or German hosting | Data sits with the vendor, often outside the EU | On-premise possible, but usually without a modern cloud option |
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| AI integration | Agents native to the system, locally operable, audited + reversible | AI features send data to external services | None, or retrofitted point solutions |
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| E-invoicing | XRechnung + ZUGFeRD with built-in validator (EN 16931/KoSIT) | Often available, validation rarely transparent | Often a paid add-on module or third party |
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| GoBD & process documentation | Hash-chained audit trails, generated process documentation | Audit logs yes — cryptographic chain rarely | Process documentation as a manual consulting project |
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| GDPR data subject rights | Access & erasure as built-in functions, GoBD-compliant | Mostly manual processes via support | Manual via database and IT service provider |
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| Cost structure | Everything included in the edition — no mandatory add-ons | Base price plus paid modules and minimum spends | High entry costs, long implementation projects |
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| Open interfaces | REST API + MCP server — connect agents & tools, permission-checked | API often limited or top-tier only | Proprietary connectors, high integration costs |
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